An Expansion on Solar Cycle Prediction
/SC25 officially began as of December 2019, and was given a forecasted maximum sunspot number (SSN) of 115, predicted to take place around July 2025, as stated by NOAA. As the months passed, sunspot numbers quickly began to exceed the forecast for any given month in the middle of 2020, which then accelerated further in the beginning of 2021. As of March 2021, the sunspot number was regularly well above the forecasted amount, leading to a smoothed average over double what was predicted. Arrive at January 2023, NOAA had a forecasted average value of 63.4, whereas the measured value landed on 143.6!
As a comparison, this number is slightly higher than the first monthly average peak in SC24, and just barely under the second peak. More impressively in the numbers for January is the second index that is observed during the solar cycle, the Solar Flux Index, also denoted as the f10.7.
Read More




